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Ayutthaya Style Buddha in the Earth Touching Pose

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Ayutthaya Style Buddha in the Earth Touching Pose

Ayudhya
15th century - 17th century
Bronze

6 7/8 in. x 3 1/2 in. x 1 1/2 in. (17.46 cm x 8.89 cm x 3.81 cm)

Bryn Mawr College
Accession Number: TN.36
Acquisition Date:
Geography: Asia, Thailand
Classification: Fine and Visual Arts; Sculptures; Bronzes
Culture/Nationality: Thai

Keywords Click a term to view the records with the same keyword
This object has the following keywords:
  • Asian - Refers to the cultures of the continent of Asia, which is in the eastern hemisphere, and is bounded by the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, and is generally considered to be delimited on the west by the Ural Mountains. It also refers to the numerous islands off the coast of Asia.
  • Ayudhya - Refers to the period surrounding the ancient city of Ayudhya that existed from the mid-14th to the 18th century. In sculpture, the period mostly features images of Buddha cast in bronze, stone, or stucco. In the early 14th century, a refinement of sculptural styles culminated in the eThong style characterized by several sub-types of Buddha images. One type features the Buddha figure with a prominent forehead, almond eyes, straight lowered eyelids, and conical curls on the head. A second type displays stronger Khmer influences apparent in the square face and austere expression. The third type of Buddha sculptural style manifests an elongated body and a smiling expression. In architecture, the period features temple-sanctuary complexes known as wat, the more prominent ones being Wat Thanmikarat, featuring a staircase decorated with stucco lions and a bai sema or boundary stone made of slate; Wat Phutthaisawan, featuring Khmer-influenced galleries, stupas with redans, and wall paintings; Wat Yai Chaimongkhol, featuring elaborate stupas and wihans and rectangular galleries; and Wat Phra Ram, featuring a square plan, brick construction, and artificial pools. Ceramic styles also mature in this period, featuring brilliant colors of jade green, light grass green, blue-green, brown, pale honey, and white.
  • bhumisparsa mudra - Hand gesture indicating touching the earth; used for seated figures, usually the Sakyamuni Buddha in his victory of Mara. The right hand, palm inward and extending downward, touches or gestures in the direction of the earth.
  • bronzes - Collectively, the class of sculptures, containers, or other objects executed in bronze, especially artifacts or works considered to be art. When possible, use the material term "bronze (metal)" plus a more specific object name, such as "bronze" + "figurines" or "bronze" + "bowl."
  • Buddhas
  • Buddhas - Representations in any medium of Gautama Buddha.
  • Buddhism
  • Buddhism - Refers to the philosophy and religion based on the enlightenment and teachings of the Buddha Gautama in the early sixth century BCE in the northeastern region of modern India. Playing dominant roles in the art and culture of Southeast Asia and East Asia, this religion is based on the transcendence of human suffering and pain through the acceptance of the limitations of individuality, the surrender of worldly desires and cravings that cause disappointment and sorrow, and the deliverance from the impermanence of living and individual ego based on wealth, social position, or family through the process of enlightenment (nirvana). The religion also centers around 'anatman', or no-self, the idea that the self is in a state of action or a series of changing manifestations rather than in a state of fixed, metaphysical substance. The structure of the religion is based on the Triratna ("Three Jewels" of Buddha), a tripartite schematic for living based on three elements: Buddha (the teacher), dharma (the teaching), and sangha (community).
  • Gautama Buddha - Sources:
    - Chung-kuo fo chi hsieh hui: Shih-chia-mou-ni fo hsian chi, 1956.
    - Shih-chia Ju-lai ying hua shih chi, 1981?:
    - Santisuk Sōphonsiri. Phraphutthačhao khō̜ng chan, 1984.
    - Ha, Y.S. Inʼgan Yesu wa Pultʻa (Putta), 1984:
    - Budda, 1995.
    - Siddhartha Gotama of the Sakya clan, 1996:
    - Ston pa Śākya-thup-paʼi rnam thar, 1996:
    - Philosophy of the compassionate Buddha, c2003:
    - Siduhat Kumāraya, 2004:
    - SILAS, July 13, 2006
    - Landaw, Jonathan. Cuộc đời Đức Phật, 1994:
    - Ancient History Encyclopedia, viewed online 26 Sept. 2019
    - History of Siddhartha Gotama Buddha (Thai), 2016:
    - Lalitavistara, unravelling the reliefs of Buddha Gotama's life, 2016:
  • mudra - Symbolic gesture of the body, often particularly focused on the hand and fingers, used in in Indian dance, Hindu and Buddhist ritual, ceremonies, and art, and other contexts. Also used in yoga, meditation, and other activities. Types of mudra represent various concepts, such as reassurance or meditation. These symbolic or ritual hand positions have deep roots in Indic religious tradition. Types of mudra in sculpture and other visual arts are relatively restricted in number, given that movement is necessarily not incorporated.
  • padmasana - Seated, cross-legged posture in which each foot is placed sole upwards on the thigh of the opposite leg.
  • religion - Study of religious beliefs and traditions in human life and culture from the perspective of the humanistic disciplines.
  • Religion
  • religion and mythology
  • religions - Belief systems that encompass various personal and institutional relationships between human beings and what they regard as holy, sacred, or divine, usually but not always a deity, or a spiritual or occult force. Participation in a religion is typically manifested in obedience, reverence, and worship, often including group activities and alliance with a leader. Elements of a religion or similar belief system include doctrine, ritual, defined parameters of morality, and a code of living, often seen as a means of achieving spiritual or material improvement.
  • Religions - Sources:
    - Ellwood, R.S. The encyc. of world religions, 1998.
    - Markham, I. A world religions reader, 1996.
    - Fowler, J. World religions, 1997.
    - Coward, H. Life after death in world religions, 1997.
    - LC database, 30 July 1998
  • religious art - Use broadly for art depicting religious subjects or for art used in worship.
  • Religious art - Sources:
    - Work cat.: 2017040850: Nomadic object, 2017:
    - A&AT, Aug. 28, 2017
    - Britannica online, Aug. 28, 2017:
  • sculpture - Three-dimensional works of art in which images and forms are produced in relief, in intaglio, or in the round. The term refers particularly to art works created by carving or engraving a hard material, by molding or casting a malleable material (which usually then hardens), or by assembling parts to create a three-dimensional object. It is typically used to refer to large or medium-sized objects made of stone, wood, bronze, or another metal. Small objects are typically referred to as "carvings" or another appropriate term. "Sculpture" refers to works that represent tangible beings, objects, or groups of objects, or are abstract works that have defined edges and boundaries and can be measured. As three-dimensional works become more diffused in space or time, or less tangible, use appropriate specific terms, such as "mail art" or "environmental art."
  • seated figures - Figures depicted in a clearly seated position, often with the chair or other seating furniture visible; may depict the full figure seated, or from the lap upwards.
  • Thai - Refers to the style and culture of the region known as modern Thailand. Artistic production primarily focuses on the crafting of porcelain and pottery, painting, sculpture, and architecture, and exhibits stylistic influences from China, India, and other regions and cultures in Southeast Asia. Temple styles in the region specifically imitate Hindu and Buddhist models with unique variations.
  • uṣṇīsạ - Physical mark identifying a buddha, conventionally depicted as a cranial bump and said to possess magical properties.

Additional Images Click an image to view a larger version
Additional Image TN.36_BMC_f.jpg
TN.36_BMC_f.jpg

Comparanda List
The following Comparanda exist for this object:
  • "Los Angeles County Museum of Art Online Collections." (Accessed May 14, 2020): lacma.org. Accession No. M.2004.12, Figure Number: https://unframed.lacma.org/2020/08/11/visual-dive-buddha-beginners.

If you would like to cite this object in a Wikipedia article please use the following template:

<ref name=BMC>cite web |url=http://triarte.brynmawr.edu/objects-1/info/153105 |title=Ayutthaya Style Buddha in the Earth Touching Pose |author=Bryn Mawr College Library Special Collections |accessdate=3/28/2024 |publisher=Bryn Mawr College</ref>

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