This object has the following keywords:

• carvings - Refers to works executed by cutting a figure or design out of a solid material such as stone or wood. It typically refers to works that are relatively small in size, are part of a larger work, or are not considered art. For large and medium-sized three-dimensional works of art, use the broader term "sculpture" or another appropriate term.
• Cross River - Refers to a style region in southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon, centered on the Lower and Upper Cross River.
• masks - Refers to coverings for all or part of the face, usually with openings for the eyes and sometimes the mouth. They are worn to hide or alter the identity of the wearer or for protection. Masks as cultural objects have been used throughout the world in all periods since the Stone Age. Masks are extremely varied in appearance, function, and fundamental meaning. They may be associated with ceremonies that have religious and social significance or are concerned with funerary customs, fertility rites, or curing sickness. They may be used on festive occasions or to portray characters in a dramatic performance and in re-enactments of mythological events. They may be used for warfare and as protective devices in certain sports. They are also employed as architectural ornaments.
• Nigerian
• Ogoni
• West African - Styles and cultures from the region comprising the westernmost area of the African continent, defined by the United Nations as including the modern nations of Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo.
• wood - The principal tissue of trees and other plants that provides both strength and a means of conducting nutrients. Wood is one of the most versatile materials known.

This object was included in the following exhibitions:

• African Images, Western Imageries: Collecting and Recollecting African Bryn Mawr College , Sep 26, 1999 – Jun 15, 2000

• Owner Name: Loudmer-Poulain, Paris; Lot 83
  Role: Auction House
  Place: Paris, France
  Ownership End Date: November 22, 1979
  
  
  
• Owner Name: Mace Neufeld and Helen Katz Neufeld, Class of 1953
  Role: Donor
  Place: Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, US
  Ownership End Date: 12/17/1997
  
  
  

The following Bibliography exist for this object:

• Important Tribal Art Sotheby's . New York, NY, 1989
  Figure Number: 110
• "African Heritage Document and Research Center." (Accessed June 11, 2020): AHDRC.eu. Record No.: 0175127.
• Loudmer-Poulain, Arts Primitifs Guy Loudmer. Paris, France, November 22, 1979
  Page Number: 51, Figure Number: 83

The following Comparanda exist for this object:

• "African Heritage Document and Research Center." (Accessed June 11, 2020): AHDRC.eu. Record No.: 0098727.
  
• "African Heritage Document and Research Center." (Accessed June 11, 2020): AHDRC.eu. Record No.: 0172624.
  
• "African Heritage Document and Research Center." (Accessed June 11, 2020): AHDRC.eu. Record No.: 0098871.
  

The following Related Bibliography exist for this object:

• Ogoni (Paris, France: Charles-Wesley Hourdé, April 16, 2020), https://www.tribalartmagazine.com/en/blog/ogoni-by-charles-wesley-hourde-n8.
  

This object is a member of the following portfolios: